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Antifungal Human Gut Lactobacilli Isolates as Probiotic Candidate for Gut Health

Dona V Idicula, Sumi Mary George,Jain Maria Stephen, Sherin Joy Parappilly, R Krishnaprasad, Jithasha Balan, Neya Joy,Archana Chandran

Antifungal human gut lactobacilli with potential probiotic properties is a promising and adaptable approach in gut health balance. Antifungal property of lactobacilli can be favourable in case of mycotic human gut infections like oesophageal candidiasis, ulcers, mycotoxicosis etc. In vitro probiotic characteristics of human gut lactobacilli with antifungal activity against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) producing Aspergillus flavus Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC) 2798 was evaluated. Ten lactobacilli isolates from human faecal samples were isolated. The antifungal property of the lactobacilli against Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2798 were studied by agar overlay method. The isolates identified L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8 as Limoslactobacillus fermentum, L9 as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and L 10 as Ligilactobacillus salivarius. They were studied for in vitro probiotic characteristics. L. fermentum L2 MW600479 showed β-hemolytic activity. Virulence genes, gelE, hyl, asa1, efaA, esp, cylA, ace were studied and their absence confirmed the safety status of the lactobacilli isolates. Simulated gastrointestinal tolerance was highest for L. fermentum L8 MW485761 (93.55%). In vitro cell adhesion studies showed maximum auto aggregation for L. fermentum L4 MW600464 (78%), maximum co-aggregation with E. coli O157:H7 MT912681 for L. fermentum L1MW600457 (70.65%) and maximum cell surface hydrophobicity to chloroform for L. fermentum L5 MW600493 (80.35%). Bacteriocin genes Plantaricin (Pln) EF, Pln C were detected in all isolates. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay showed strong scavenging activity for L. fermentum L8 MW485761 (74.8%). The human gut lactobacilli isolates showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus MTCC 2798. Nine lactobacilli sps showed satisfying in vitro probiotic properties, with bacteriocin production and absence of virulent genes, can further be used as promising candidates for probiotic formulation for gut health.