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Update on Proximal Hypospadias Repair Techniques

Liu, Jing Tang, Jianchen Zu, Xiangwen Peng*

Hypospadias refers to the incomplete closure of the penis structure during embryonic development and the displacement of the urethral opening along the ventral side of the penis to form a deformity. The incidence rate is the second most common congenital disease in men after cryptorchidism. Studies reported that hypospadias is a multifactorial disease, which is closely related to genetic mutations, endocrine, environmental and chromosomal factors. The main clinical manifestations of children with hypospadias are ectopic urethral orifice, abnormal curvature of the penis and accumulation of dorsal foreskin, and severe cases are often combined with other systemic malformations. Surgery is the only means of treatment. Domestically, it is believed that the operation should be completed before school age. As long as the anesthesia is safe and the local conditions of the penis are good, the operation can be performed at an early stage. No matter what surgical method is chosen for treatment, individual treatment plans must be formulated according to the type and severity of hypospadias, which has a pivotal impact on improving surgical efficacy and reducing postoperative complications