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Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) after pediatric cardiac surgery: A case report

José Colleti Junior, Felipe Rezende Caino, Werther Brunow de Carvalho

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), acute respiratory distress with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs within six hours of transfusion, is the leading cause of transfusion-related deaths. However, there is no reliable literature regarding the incidence of TRALI in the pediatric population. We report a case study of a 3-year-old boy presenting with TRALI syndrome four hours after heart surgery for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure for which he received the transfusion of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. We report this case with the aim that doctors become aware of the signs of TRALI to enable early intervention and the development of preventive measures.