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Raman spectroscopy: fundamentals, apparatus, and applications in the characterization of illicit drugs

Helly Jones

Spectroscopy is the study of electromagnetic radiation's interaction with matter. Emission, absorption, fluorescence, and scattering phenomena can all be used in spectroscopic approaches. For the characterization of a wide range of forensic samples, various spectroscopic approaches are routinely used. These procedures are used to analyse samples qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis is used to determine the sample's identification, whereas the quantitative analysis is used to determine the analyte concentration in the sample. Some spectroscopic methods (e.g. UV–Vis Spectrophotometry) are used as screening methods because they provide a tentative identification of the sample and are not specific, whereas others (e.g. Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry) are used as confirmatory methods because they provide a reliable identity of the sample and are specific