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Prevalence of Bacterial infection in septic neonates in South of Iran

Aliakbar Rezaei, Hamidreza Parsa, Zahra Eskandari Kootahi, Fatamaeh Javanmardi, Neda Pirbonyeh, Amir Emamia

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a syndrome that occurs in the first month of life with symptoms and signs of infection with or without bacteremia. Septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis and urinary tract infections are the most common outcome. The aim of the study was to evaluate the type and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial infections in neonatal sepsis in two main OB/GYN centers affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Material and methods: This retrospective study has been performed during 2016 to 2018 on 258 enrolled patients. Risk factors in early onset sepsis, such as maternal risk factors, preterm and low birth weight were collected in a standard questionnaire with the following information: sex, medical history, presence and kind of clinical symptoms of infection, and laboratory data. Isolated Organisms were categorized in Gram positive and negative bacteria.

Result: From 250 enrolled patients 60.4% were male. Out of 250 studied infants, 113 (45.2%) cases were preterm, and 56 (22.4%) infants were with very low birth weight. Staphylococcus aureus, was conducted as the most prevalent infection (62.4%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (21.2%). Escherichia coli were detected as the most prevalent gram-negative bacteria with 8.4% prevalence. The most effective antibiotic was vancomycin in gram-positive and meropenem in gram-negative isolates, and the highest resistance to amikacin was observed in both groups of bacteria.

Conclusion: This study provides descriptive information about clinical signs and symptoms, neonatal and maternal risk factors for infant sepsis.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Antibiotic resistance; Newborn infant; Neonatal sepsis