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Light Chain Multiple Myeloma: A Single Institution Series

Rafael Ríos-Tamayo, María José Sánchez, José Luís García de Veas, Teresa Rodríguez, José Manuel Puerta, Daysi-Yoe-Ling Chang, Pedro Antonio González, Carolina Alarcón-Payer, Antonio Romero, Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández, Pilar Garrido, Elisa López-Fern&

Background: Light chain multiple myeloma represents approximately 15% of myelomas and is considered a poor prognosis subtype. There are few series showing outcomes in real-life patients. Methods: All consecutive symptomatic myeloma cases in our population-based registry from January 1993 to April 2015 have been included in this study. Clinical and laboratory characteristics have been compared in the light chain subtype with respect to other subtypes of myeloma. Overall survival has been analyzed in both groups. Results: 63 patients (15.9%) had light chain myeloma in a series of 395 cases. Median overall survival was 21.1 months (8.9-33.3) in the light chain group versus 37.2 m (30.4-44.1) in other myeloma subtypes (p=0.014). Conclusions: Light chain multiple myeloma should be considered a subtype with poor prognosis, which is associated with several established negative prognostic factors such as stage ISS III, renal failure, male sex, high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and high serum free light chain ratio.