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Histidine Kinases Play Diverse Cell Functions in Fungi

Mohit Kumar, Ranjan Tamuli

Histidine kinases are protein kinases that are involved in signal transduction. Histidine kinases and the downstream the response regulators constitute a two-component phosphorelay system. In exposure to environmental stimuli, histidine kinase autophosphorylates, and the cytoplasmic response regulator component transmits the signal that activates transcription of multiple genes. In fungi, the histidine kinases are classified into 11 groups that are involved in various physiological processes, including virulence, conidition, morphogenesis, osmosensing, light sensing, and growth. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of 28 different fungal histidine kinases revealed that histidine kinases are evolutionary conserved.