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High Level of CD4+CD25+CD127- Treg Cells in Donor Graft is Associated with a Low Risk of aGVHD after allo-HSCT for Children with Hematologic Malignancies

Zhang Fang, Zhu Hua, Luo Changying, Wang Jianmin, Luo Chengjuan, Xu Kangli and Chen Jing

Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) is the major problem for patient undergoing allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT). Previous study showed the significant role of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in inhibiting aGVHD. This retrospective study of 50 children with hematological malignancies undergoing allo-HSCT investigated the influence of donor CD4+CD25+CD127- Treg cells on aGVHD. The proportion of Treg cells in graft is significantly higher in patient with grade 0-I aGVHD than in patients with grade II-IV aGVHD (3.08 ± 0.72% vs. 2.52 ± 0.86%, P=0.016). There was no significant difference on Treg cells proportion in graft between relapsed and non relapsed patients (3.20 ± 0.80% vs. 2.80 ± 0.81% P=0.549). CD4+CD25+CD127- Treg cells in donor graft can reduce the incidence of aGVHD after children received allo-HSCT without increasing the risk of relapse. Graft CD4+CD25+CD127- Treg cells level is a valuable biomarker to predict aGVHD.