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Advances in Leukemia Treatment with Bone Marrow Transplantation

Susumu Ikehara

Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) is a useful strategy for the treatment of leukemia, severe combined immune deficiency, enzyme deficiencies, autoimmune disease, and osteoporosis . Furthermore, BMT plays an important role in the induction of immune tolerance in organ transplantation. Bone marrow is a spongy tissue, and is made up of Hematopietic Stem Cells (HSCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), and various blood cells. HSCs differentiate into common myeloid- and lymphoid-precursor cells and then terminally differentiate into erythrocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophils, dendritic cells and other cells. MSCs can differentiate into not only mesoderm derived-cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, but also endodermand ectoderm-derived cells.