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Advancements and Innovative Therapies in Localized Scleroderma: A Mini-Review

Zi-Ming Li, Xiao Long, Jiu-Zuo Huang

Localized Scleroderma (LS), also known as morphea, is a complex autoimmune disease that primarily impacts the skin and can extend to deeper tissues such as muscles and bones, significantly affecting quality of life. This minireview explores recent research advancements in LS, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and innovative treatments including Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) therapy. Genetic, environmental, and immunological factors all contribute to Localized Scleroderma (LS), influencing the disease's progression through key cytokines involved in fibrosis. Additionally, advancements in diagnostic techniques, such as high-frequency ultrasound and MRI, have improved the ability to assess and monitor the disease. Traditional treatments include pharmacological interventions and phototherapy, while emerging therapies such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) therapy show promise in modulating immune responses and reducing fibrosis. This mini-review underscores the significant strides in understanding and treating LS, aiming to enhance therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.