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Adoptive Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: From Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation to CAR T Cells

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Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT) has improved outcome of patients with high risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), but it harbors a risk of morbidity and mortality due to damage to normal cells and tissues by the high intensity conditioning or due to Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD). As a major component of the curative potential of allo-HCT is derived from the response of the donor immunity against the malignant cells through the so called Graft Versus Leukemia effect (GVL), novel adoptive immunotherapy strategies have been developed to generate immune response against the leukemic cells, while sparing GVHD.