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A Mini View of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Developmental Neurotoxicity and Mechanism

YuanXiang Yang, WeiHe Tan, SuiWen Wen, JinQing Tang, JieJing Zhang, MuLan Zeng, ZhiHua Li

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) is a widely used brominated flame retardant extensively incorporated into various consumer and industrial products. Due to its high stability and resistance to degradation, PBDE-209 persists in the environment for prolonged periods and bioaccumulates in the food chain, ultimately reaching the human body. An increasing body of research has demonstrated that PBDEs exerts significant neurotoxic effects, particularly impacting neurodevelopment and neural function. The neurotoxicity of PBDEs is primarily mediated through mechanisms mainly including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of calcium homeostasis, alterations of thyroid hormone homeostasis, interference with neural differentiation, migration and neurotransmitter systems. Compounds targeting these critical mechanisms might have the capability to reduce the neurotoxicity of PBDEs. This review aims to elucidate the neurotoxic mechanisms of PBDEs and explore effective pharmacological countermeasures. PBDEs exposure is inextricably linked to neurodevelopmental toxicity, involving diverse mechanisms that intertwine and interact. While certain compounds and associated targets have been identified to mitigate this neurotoxicity, extensive human clinical studies are still required to further explore their safety and efficacy.